CIESM Atlas of Exotic Macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea
 
The data base of Exotic Macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea was developed by a CIESM task force of four biologists: Drs Marc Verlaque (Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography - MIO, France), Sandrine Ruitton (Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography - MIO, France), Frederic Mineur (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) and Charles-François Boudouresque (Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography - MIO, France).
 


Check-list of exotic species  ( total: 110 )

The time boundary is generally set from the date of the opening of the Suez Canal (1869), except for three Indo-Pacific species reported from the eastern Mediterranean Sea before 1869 (Acanthophora nayadiformis, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Ganonema farinosum and Ulva fasciata).

Regions of introduction: M = Mediterranean, A = Atlantic.
Origin: A = Atlantic; IP = Indo-Pacific; SH = Southern Hemisphere.
Status: A = Alien: considered non-established the taxa having only one or few reliable records without any information on the population status. E = Established: considered established the taxa that are clearly naturalized (permanent, self-maintening populations).
Degree of certainty on the status of introduced species: H = High (introduction with no doubts); M = Medium (introduction likely); D = Debatable (open to question).
 
Taxon
Region
of intro
Origin
Status
Degree
STRAMENOPILES, CHROMOBIONTA

Acinetosporaceae
Pylaiella littoralis (Linnaeus) Kjellman
M
A, IP
E
M
Alariaceae
Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar
M, A
IP
E
H
Chordaceae
Chorda filum (Linnaeus) Stackhouse
M
A, IP
E
H

Chordariaceae
M
IP
E
H
Botrytella parva (Takamatsu) Kim 1996
M
IP
A
H
Cladosiphon zosterae (J. Agardh) Kylin
M
A
E
M
Halothrix lumbricalis (Kützing) Reinke
M
A, IP
E
H
Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) Areschoug
M
A, IP
E
H
Punctaria tenuissima (C. Agardh) Greville
M
A
E
H
Sphaerotrichia firma (Gepp) A.D.Zinova
M
IP
E
H

Desmarestiaceae
Desmarestia viridis (O.F. Müller) J.V. Lamouroux
M
A, IP
E
H
Dictyotaceae
Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
E
H
Rugulopterix okamurae (E.Y. Dawson) Hwang, Lee & Kim
M
IP
E
H
Spatoglossum variabile Figari & De Notaris
M
IP
A
H
Stypopodium schimperi (Buchinger ex Kützing) Verlaque & Boudouresque
M
IP
E
H
Ectocarpaceae
Ectocarpus siliculosus var. hiemalis (P.L. Crouan & H.M. Crouan) Foslie
M
A
A
M
Fucaceae
Fucus spiralis Linnaeus
M
A
A
H
Laminariaceae
Saccharina japonica (Areschoug) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl & G.W. Saunders
M
IP
A
H
Sargassaceae
Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt
M, A
IP
E
H
Scytosiphonaceae
Colpomenia peregrina (Sauvageau) Hamel
M, A
IP
E
H
Scytosiphon dotyi M.J. Wynne
M, A
IP
E
H
PLANTAE, RHODOBIONTA
Acrochaetiaceae
M, A
IP
E
H
M
IP
A
H
M
IP
A
H
M
IP
A
H

Areschougiaceae
Agardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft & M.J. Wynne
M, A
A, IP
E
H
Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
A
H

Bangiaceae
M
IP
E
H
Bonnemaisoniaceae
M, A
IP
E
H
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon
M
IP
E
H
M, A
IP
E
H

Caulacanthaceae
Feldmannophycus okamurae (Yamada) Mineur, Maggs & Verlaque
M, A
IP
E
H

Ceramiaceae

Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston
M
IP
E
H
M
A
E
H
M, A
IP
E
D
M, A
IP
E
H
Antithamnion nipponicum Yamada & Inagak
M, A
IP
E
H
Antithamnionella boergesenii (Cormaci & G. Furnari) Athanasiadis
M, A
IP
E
D
Antithamnionella elegans (Berthold) J.H. Price & D.M. John
M, A
IP
E
D
Antithamnionella spirographidis (Schiffner) E.M. Wollaston
M, A
IP
E
D
Antithamnionella sublittoralis (Setchell & Gardner) Athanasiadis
M
IP
E
D
Antithamnionella ternifolia (J.D. Hooker & Harvey) Lyle
M, A
IP
E
H
Ceramium bisporum D.L.Ballantine
M
A
A
H
Ceramium strobiliforme G.W. Lawson & D.M. John
M
A
A
H
Griffithsia corallinoides (Linnaeus) Trevisan
M
A, IP
E
H
Pleonosporium caribaeum (Børgesen) R.E. Norris
M, A
A
E
H
Corallinaceae
M
IP
E
H

Dasyaceae
M, A
IP
E
H
M, A
IP
E
H

Delesseriaceae
Apoglossum gregarium (E.Y. Dawson) M.J. Wynne
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
E
H
Galaxauraceae
Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux
M
IP
E
H

Gigartinaceae

M
IP
E
H

Goniotrichaceae
M, A
IP
E
H

Gracilariaceae
M
IP
A
H
Halymeniaceae
Grateloupia asiatica S. Kawaguchi & H. W. Wang
M
IP
E
H
Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi
M
IP
E
H
Grateloupia patens (Okamura) S. Kawaguchi & H.W. Wang
M
IP
A
H
M, A
IP
E
H
M, A
IP
E
H

Hypneaceae
Hypnea cornuta (Kützing) J. Agardh
M
IP
E
H
Hypnea flagelliformis Greville ex J. Agardh
M
IP
A
H
Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kützing
M
A, IP
E
H
Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne
M, A
IP
E
H
Liagoraceae
Ganonema farinosum (J.V. Lamouroux) K.C. Fan & Y.C. Wang
M
IP
E
D
M
IP
E
H
Lomentariaceae
M, A
IP
E
H
Phyllophoraceae
M
IP
E
H

Plocamiaceae
Plocamium secundatum (Kützing) Kützing
M
SH
E
H
Rhodomelaceae
Acanthophora nayadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss
M
IP
E
D
Chondria coerulescens (J. Agardh) Falkenberg
M
A
E
M
Chondria curvilineata F.S. Collins & Hervey
M
A
E
H
Chondria pygmaea Garbary & Vandermeulen
M
IP
E
H
M, A
IP
E
H
Laurencia caduciramulosa Masuda & Kawaguchi
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
E
H
Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) F. Schmitz
M
IP
E
H
Neosiphonia harveyi (J. Bailey) M.S. Kim, H.G. Choi, Guiry & G.W. Saunders
M, A
IP
E
H
Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J.N. Norris
M
A
E
D
Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville
M
A
E
D
M, A
IP
E
H
M
IP
A
H
Pterosiphonia tanakae S. Uwai & M. Masuda
M, A
IP
E
H
Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
E
H
Rhodophysemataceae
M
A, IP
A
H
Rhodymeniaceae
M
IP
E
H
Chrysymenia wrightii (Harvey) Yamada
M
IP
E
H
M
IP
A
H
Solieriaceae
Solieria dura (Zanardini) F. Schmitz
M
IP
A
H
Solieria filiformis (Kützing) Gabrielson
M
A
E
H
PLANTAE, CHLOROBIONTA
Caulerpaceae
Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kützing
M
IP
E
H
Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Boudouresque
M, A
IP
E
H
M
IP
E
H
Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank / uvifera (C. Agardh) J. Agardh
M
IP
E
D
Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh
M
IP
E
H
Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh
M
IP
E
H
Cladophoraceae
Cladophora herpestica (Montagne) Kützing
M
IP
E
H
Cladophora patentiramea (Montagne) Kützing
M
IP
A
H
Codiaceae
Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot subsp. fragile
M, A
IP
E
H
Codium taylorii P.C. Silva
M
IP
E
H
Dasycladaceae
M
IP
A
H
Derbesiaceae
Derbesia boergesenii (Iyengar & Ramanathan) Mayhoub
M
IP
A
H
M
IP
E
H
Ulvaceae
M
IP
E
D
Ulva pertusa Kjellman
M, A
IP
E
H
Ulvaria obscura (Kützing) Gayral
M, A
IP
E
H
PLANTAE, STREPTOBIONTA
Halophila stipulacea (Forsskal) Ascherson
M
IP
E
H
©ciesm 2009