Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit., 36,2001
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Introduction
Mediterranean slipper lobster,Scyllarides latus(Latreille, 1803),
Mediterranean and temperate water species is common in southeastern
Adriatic. It is of low economic importance due to the restricted catch-
ing localities and scarse populations. The published data on this
species is limited to various reports on their planktonic larval stages
(1) and biology of the adult stage (2).They lack defensive mechanisms,
aside from its robust and heavy armour. Slipper lobster relies on fast
swimming , escape, camou?age and shelter for defense (3). The repro-
ductive strategy of slipper lobster relies on production of large number
of eggs (more than 10000 in our case), because the period of larval
development is very long. The aim of this paper is to present the
results of spawning and larval rearing trial, as well as basic morpho-
metric characteristics of phyllosoma stage I of Scyllarides latuslarvae
under laboratory conditions.
Materials and methods
Ovigerous female of Scyllarides latus250mm TL, was wild caught,
and kept in 0,5m3 aquarium, with running sea water (23,7°C,
35,4‰S). On July 19-th during the night and early morning hours sev-
eral thousand (approximately 7-12000) I stage larvae hatched (ecclod-
ed). The larvae were transfered into three black 0,4m3 tanks (at appr.
15 larvae per litre) similar to Kriesel containers used for rearing lob-
sters (4), with approx. two changes of seawater/day, with temperature
24, 1 - 24,9°C and salinity 35,9 - 36,5‰S. Two of those tanks were
exposed to diurnal light cycle (12l/12d), and third was covered with
non transparent black plastic. Larvae were fed rotifer Brachionus pli-
catilis (10-20 ind/ml) from day 3. Mortality was checked from sam-
ples. Samples of larvawe were collected daily, and preserved in 5%
buffered seawater formalin. The larvae were examined on Wild
Heerbrugg binocular microscope. Total length of each larva was mea-
sured from the anterior end of cephalic shield, between eyestalks to the
posterior tip of the telson.
Results
In laboratory reared phyllosomas of stage I of Scyllarides latus:
pereiopods I and II are well developed, with exopodites bearing five
pairs of feather-like setae, pereiopodes III are longer than I and II, and
their exopodites present only as buds in stage I. Buds of pereiopodes
IV are visible between pereiopodes III and pleon at each side. Eyes not
stalked. Pleon in stage I is approx. 25% if TL, rectangular in shape and
with two sets of setae posterodorsal at each side: (Fig. 1b). Antennulae
unsegmented, and bearing on the tip three setae and one short spine
(Fig. 1d). Antennae are shorter than antennulae and biramous, with
articulated endopodit bearing three spines on its tip. Exopodit little
longer than endopodit, bearing two spines on tip (Fig. 1e). All phyllo-
somas under photoperiod were lost at the day 10, and under darknes at
the day 12 ( 85% mortality at the day 10). TL measured at the day 2
(+25h) was: 1.691±0.1048mm, and at the day 10 (+245h) was:
1.735±0.0289mm. Increase coeficient for TL measure in 10 days was
0.00214. No trace of morphological change was detected in larvae col-
lected on day 10, and 12 (light and dark regimes, respectively).
Discussion
There has been information on laboratory rearing and early life his-
tory of other Scyllaridean species of genera Jasus, Palinurus and
Panulirus (5, 6), Thenus (7),Scyllarus americanus(8) and Scyllarus
demani(9). As the mean duration of first phyllosoma stage for sup-
tropic species Scyllarides aequinoctialis (Lund) at 24°C was 8,1 days
(10), and for Ibacus peronii Leach at 23,3°C was 13,2 days (11), phyl-
losomas of Scyllarides latuswere expected to ongo the first molt with-
in first ten to twelve days at temperature of 24-25°C. We did not
achieve molt probably due to the inadequat feeding. Kittaka (5) con-
cluded that adding mussel tissue as food in the culture water is impor-
tant for maintaining palinurid phyllosomas, which are generally more
sensitive of water quality and stress. Kittaka and Abrunhosa (12) also
note that phyllosoma larvae of Palinurus elephas exhibit strong preda-
tory behaviour rather than filter feeding. So, the adequate live food,
such as theArtemia naupliimust be used instead of rotifers, to
acchieve transition between instars.
References
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDITERRANEAN SLIPPER LOBSTER,
SCYLLARIDES LATUS(LATREILLE, 1803) (DECAPODA: SCYLLARIDAE) STAGE I PHYLLOSOMA
Niksa Glavic*, Valter Kozul, Pero Tutman, Branko Glamuzina and Bosko Skaramuca
Oceanography and Fisheries Institute, Laboratory for Ecology and Aquaculture, Dubrovnik, Croatia
Abstract
General morphological characteristics are given on phyllosoma stage I of Mediterranean slipper lobster,Scyllarides latus, Latreille, 1803.
The phyllosomas were obtained from ovigerous female in the laboratory and put under periodical and dark regime of illumination. The
first molt that was expected within 10-12 days was not achieved due to the inadequate feeding (starvation).
Keywords: phyllosoma, slipper lobster, laboratory rearing.
Figure 1. Stage I phyllosoma of Scyllarides latus(Latreille, 1803).
a.) ventral view (scale bar = 1mm); b.) ventral view of the abdomen with the
buds of pereopodes IV; c.) oral field with MD – mandibula, MX – maxilla, MXL
– maxillula; d.) tip of the left antennula; e.) left antennula and antenna. Scale