DISTRIBUTION
Worldwide: throughout the Indo-Pacific including Red Sea, and from East Africa to Japan, Hawaii, Marquesas, Tuamotu, northern part of Australia (see map in Ponder and de Keyzer, 1992); recorded in the Suez Canal by Tillier and Bavay (1905) and as common in Lake Timsah by Moazzo (1939). Mediterranean: collected by Haas in 1935, between Yaffo and Bet Yam, Israel (Mienis, 1984a); successively recorded from Bardawil lagoon, Egypt (Barash and Danin, 1977) and Tripoli, Lebanon (Bogi and Khairalla, 1987).
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ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS
Moderately common in Bardawil lagoon, very rare elsewhere but there are several separate and reliable records.
speculated reasons for success :
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