I - OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 05

1. Introduction
2. Definitions and methodological implications
3. Genesis of MHWs in the Mediterranean
4. Regional patterns in the Mediterranean – geography, variability, biological impacts
5. Monitoring MHWs
6. Experimental approaches
7. Warnings for conservation and ecological restoration
8. Major gaps and recommendations for future research

II - WORKSHOP COMMUNICATIONS

The physical nature of MHWs

• Seasonality, return periods and intensity of surface marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Basin. Matjaz Ličer ...... 27
• The need to adopt process-based or impact-based definitions for marine heatwaves. Giovanni Liguori ...... 41
• Marine heatwave research: A path forward via the Mediterranean and the Arctic. Robert W. Schlegel ........ 51
• Marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea: the latest insights from multi-platform observations. Mélanie Juza, Emma Reyes, Joaquín Tintoré .... 63
• Main features of summer 2023 MHWs and trends in air-sea interactions related to the long-term evolution of MHWs in the Mediterranean. Amélie Simon ..... 77
• Marine heatwaves: comparative analysis between low and high latitude regional seas. in the northern Hemisphere Bayoumy Mohamed, Aida Alvera-Azcárate ...... 85
• Marine heatwaves over different coastal environments: findings from the NE Mediterranean Sea to south Florida. Yannis S. Androulidakis, Yannis Krestenitis, Vassiliki Kourafalou, Marios Krestenitis .. 103
• Marine heatwaves characteristics in the Marmara Sea 1982-2021. Erdal Tokat, Şükrü T. Beşiktepe ... 117

Biological responses

• 24 years tracking mass mortality events and marine heatwaves: when observations overcome the worst scenarios. Joaquim Garrabou and 20 others ...... 129
• Ocean warming, marine heatwaves and the thermal vulnerability of the increasingly tropicalized Levant coast ecosystems. Gil Rilov, Erez Yeruham, Simona Noè ..... 141
• Marine heatwaves and benthic communities: Changes in features of the assemblages and alarming consequences on biodiversity in Tunisian waters. Raouia Ghanem, Jamila Ben Souissi, J.B. Ledoux, Cristina Linares, Joaquim Garrabou ................. 155
• Mining the published record on the biological impacts of marine heatwaves. Niki Chartosia ........ 163

III – Bibliographic References ………………… 187

IV – List of Participants ……………………… 215