{"id":3574,"date":"2022-07-14T11:19:40","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T11:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=3574"},"modified":"2024-08-23T15:28:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T15:28:07","slug":"mobula-mobular","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/mobula-mobular\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobula mobular"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Mobula mobular<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Spinetail Devil Ray, Spinetail Devilray, Giant Devil Ray, Devil Fish<\/li><li><strong>Order:<\/strong> Myliobatiformes<\/li><li><strong>Family:<\/strong> Mobulidae<\/li><li><strong>Synonyms:<\/strong> <em>Cephaloptera giorna<\/em>, <em>Mobula japanica<\/em>, <em>Raia mobular<\/em> <\/li><li><strong>Misidentifications:<\/strong><em> Mobula japanica<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-3630\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-3630 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_3630\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_3630\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3634 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/mmobular3_greglecoeur-700x500.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3630 slide-3634\" title=\"mmobular3_greglecoeur\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">credit photo: Greg Lecoeur <\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3635 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/mmobular2_fabriceguerin-e1657797405640-581x415.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3630 slide-3635\" title=\"mmobular2_fabricegu\u00e9rin\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">credit photo: Fabrice Gu\u00e9rin<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3636 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/mmobular1_julienrenoult-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3630 slide-3636\" title=\"mmobular1_julienrenoult\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">credit photo: Julien Renoult<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Very large species. Long and triangular pectoral fins. Mouth on the ventral side framed by cephalic lobes. Origin of the dorsal fin after the posterior extremity of the pectoral fin. One or more spines and prickles on the tail, behind the dorsal fin. Thin tail, very long, like a whip.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>More or less dark blue colour with generally a whitish band around the head. White ventrally.<br><br><strong>Measurements:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Disk width<\/strong> (DW)<strong>: <\/strong>300 cm (max 520 cm)<\/li><li><strong>Total length<\/strong> (TL): up to 650 cm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Oscillatory locomotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls poster=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/mmobular_vignette-1.png\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/mmobular_savethemed.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans by funnelling using their cephalic fins and filtering through their specialised gill plates.<br><br><strong>Behavior: <\/strong>Generally gregarious.<br><br><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Viviparous (aplacental viviparity with histotrophy). Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(DW): 215-240 cm at 5-6 years female and 200-220 cm male. Gestation period: 12 months (probably 20-25 months). Reproductive cycle: 1-3 years. Juveniles per litter: 1 (rarely 2). Size at birth (DW): 90-180 cm.<br><br><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Resides in coastal and continental shelf waters mostly between 0 and 50 m but can reach depths of 600\u2013700 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Largest of the sea devils in the world and the only one observed in the Mediterranean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-6c99b8e0-7e98-4b42-9d0e-3d4c507e9ada\"><li>Cephalic lobe in front of head, like horns.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d88790ee-984f-45a8-8b21-5705c1a47802\"><strong>Myliobatiformes:<\/strong> No caudal and anal fin. Thin tail like a whip.<br><br><strong><strong>Mobulidae:<\/strong> <\/strong>Depressed body and rhomboidal disc. Two cephalic lobes on the head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide:<\/strong> Atlantic from Portugal to South Africa, including the entire Mediterranean. Absent in the Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Patchly distribution in the entire Mediterranean Sea and possibly adjacent Atlantic waters. Possible mating area in the Levantine basin (large winter aggregations). Large-scale movements up to 1 800 km at minimum speeds of 63 km per day, likely driven by seasonal patterns in prey availability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence:<\/strong> Occasional in the western and central Mediterranean. Abundant in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the Adriatic Sea.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Cyprus (2018-2022), Northeastern Aegean Sea (2020), Adriatic Sea (2019), Tunisia (2019), Central and western Mediterranean Sea (2019), Spain (2018), Turkey (2018), Gulf of Antalya (2017), Palestine (2016),  Algeria (2006), Syria (2003).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" id=\"block-9b73d5c7-dbcc-41af-86bf-6c305dce5c4a\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-1024x498.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-1024x498.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-768x373.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-1536x746.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024-1568x762.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_M-mobular2024.jpg 1786w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: contact@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats:<\/strong> Bycatch in industrial and artisanal fisheries (including trawl, gillnet, set net, tangle net and trammel net). Human consumption (but not considered an economically commercially important species).<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-935ba39d-0eeb-4816-a312-7ba13efa663a\"><li><strong>Global:<\/strong> Endangered (IUCN 2020, last assessment: 2018)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Abudaya M., Ulman A., Salah J., Fernando D., Wor C., Di Sciara G.N. 2018. Speak of the devil ray (<em>Mobula mobular<\/em>) fishery in Gaza. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/em> 28(1): 229-239.<\/li><li>ACCOBAMS Survey Initiative. 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/accobams.org\/main-activites\/accobams-survey-initiative-2\/asi-preliminary-results\/\">Available online<\/a>\u00a0(accessed on 24 August 2022).<\/li><li>Ba\u015fusta N., \u00d6zbek E.\u00d6. 2017. New record of giant devil ray, <em>Mobula mobular<\/em> (Bonnaterre, 1788) from the Gulf of Antalya (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Journal of the Black Sea\/Mediterranean Environment<\/em> 22: 162-169.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries &#8211; A review. <em>General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean <\/em>&#8211; <em>Studies and Reviews<\/em> 101: I-317.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes <\/em>6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Kabasakal H., Oru\u00e7 A., Kalecik E., Sevim E., Ara\u00e7 N., Lin\u00e7 C. \u0130. 2024. Recent occurences of <em>Rhinoptera marginata<\/em> and <em>Mobula mobular<\/em> in Turkish Aegean and Mediterranean waters.  <em>Annales: Series Historia Naturalis<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 34, No. 1:  51-60.<\/li><li>Mancusi C., Baino R., Fortuna C., De Sola L.G., Morey G., Bradai M.N., Kallianotis A., Soldo A., Hemida F. Saad A.., Dimech M., Peristeraki P., Bariche M., Clo S., De Sabata E., Castellano L., Garibaldi F., Lanteri L., Tinti F., Pais A., Sperone E., Micarelli P., Poisson F., Sion L., Carlucci R., Cebrian-Menchero D., Seret B., Ferretti F., El-Far A., Saygu I., Shakman E., Bartoli A., Guallart J., Damalas D., Megalofonou P., Vacchi M., Colloca F., Bottaro M., Notarbartolo Di Sciara G., Follesa M.C., Cannas R., Kabasakal H., Zava B., Cavlan G., Jung A., Abudaya M., Kolitari J., Barash A., Joksimovic A., Cetkovic I., Marceta B., Gonzalez Vilas L., Tiralongo F., Giovos I., Bargnesi F., Lelli S., Barone M., Moro S., Mazzoldi C., Abella A., Serena F. 2020. MEDLEM database, a data collection on large Elasmobranchs in the Mediterranean and Black seas. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 21(2): 276-288.<\/li><li>O\u2019Keefe M., Bengil EG., Palmer JL, Beton D, \u00c7a\u011flar \u00c7., Godley B.J, \u00d6zkan M., Snape R.T.E., Broderick A.C. 2023. Diversity and distribution of elasmobranchs in the coastal waters of Cyprus: using bycatch data to inform management and conservation.\u00a0<em>Front. Mar. Sci.<\/em> 10: 1181437.<\/li><li>Notarbartolo di Sciara G., Lauriano G., Pierantonio N., Ca\u00f1adas A., Donovan G., Panigada S. 2015. The devil we don\u2019t know: investigating habitat and abundance of endangered giant devil rays in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. <em>PLOS ONE<\/em> 10(11): e0141189.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mobula mobular Common name : Spinetail Devil Ray, Spinetail Devilray, Giant Devil Ray, Devil Fish Order: Myliobatiformes Family: Mobulidae Synonyms: Cephaloptera giorna, Mobula japanica, Raia mobular Misidentifications: Mobula japanica Short description Very large species. Long and triangular pectoral fins. Mouth on the ventral side framed by cephalic lobes. Origin of the dorsal fin after the<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/mobula-mobular\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Mobula mobular\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3574"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3574"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6769,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3574\/revisions\/6769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}