{"id":3654,"date":"2022-07-14T14:03:37","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T14:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=3654"},"modified":"2025-01-30T10:51:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T10:51:34","slug":"myliobatis-aquila","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/myliobatis-aquila\/","title":{"rendered":"Myliobatis aquila"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Myliobatis aquila<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Common Eagle Ray&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Order:<\/strong> Myliobatiformes<\/li><li><strong>Family:<\/strong> Myliobatidae<\/li><li><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>Raja aquila<\/em>, Leiobatus aquila, <em>Raia rhombus<\/em>, <em>Myliobatis noctula<\/em>, <em>Myliobatis cervus<\/em>, <em>Holorhinus aquila<\/em>.<\/li><li><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/aetomylaeus-bovinus\/\" target=\"_blank\">Aetomylaeus bovinus<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-3667\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-3667 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_3667\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_3667\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3676 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/maquila1_jean-pierrebeaux-700x500.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3667 slide-3676\" title=\"maquila1_jean-pierrebeaux\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Jean-Pierre Beaux<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3677 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/maquila2_dennisrabellng-e1657806908423-700x500.jpeg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3667 slide-3677\" title=\"maquila2_dennisrabellng\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Dennis Rabeling<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-3678 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/maquila3_jeanpaulcassez-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-3667 slide-3678\" title=\"maquila3_jeanpaulcassez\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Jean-Paul Cassez<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medium-sized to large eagle ray. Head thick distinct from disk forming a rostrum like a broad projection. Short, rounded and prominent snout. Upper or lower jaw with seven rows of flat teeth. Two large eyes positioned laterally. Pectoral rhombic disc with very angular corners. Single dorsal fin, associated with one or two dorsal darts, behind pelvic fin tips. No caudal and anal fin. Thin and long tail, like a whip, that reaches 2 to 2.5 times the wingspan.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>Golden bronze or dark brown dorsal surface and white ventral surface with one brownish margin.<br><br><strong>Measurements:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Disk width<\/strong> (DW)<strong>:<\/strong> 80-150 cm (max 183 cm)<\/li><li><strong>Total length<\/strong> (TL): 60-70 cm (max 260 cm)<\/li><li><strong>Weight:<\/strong> up to 30 kg<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Oscillatory locomotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/maquila_MahmutArmagan.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: Mahmut Arma\u011fan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on benthic crustaceans, mollusks and fishes.<br><br><strong>Behavior: <\/strong>Often found in groups.<br><br><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Viviparous (aplacental viviparity with histotrophy). Size at maturity (DW): 32-40 cm male and 43-60 cm female. Gestation period: 6-8 months. Juveniles per litter: 3-7. Size at birth (DW): ~19 cm.&nbsp;<br><br><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Benthic and semi-pelagic in subtropical and temperate water. Inhabits sandy-muddy zones in coastal environments from surface to 200 m (max 537 m) of depth. Also found in shallow lagoons, bays, estuaries and offshore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Identified as the species most impacted by pelagic trawlers in the Adriatic Sea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Wing-shaped pectoral fin with pointed extremity.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Dorsal fin behind pelvic fin tips.<\/li><li>Front lobe of pectoral fin under a short, rounded and prominent snout.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d88790ee-984f-45a8-8b21-5705c1a47802\"><strong>Myliobatiformes:<\/strong> No caudal and anal fin. Thin tail like a whip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d88790ee-984f-45a8-8b21-5705c1a47802\"><strong>Myliobatidae:<\/strong> Short fleshy rostral lobe, connecting to pectoral fin by a ridge at eye level. Large caudal sting behind the dorsal fin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide:<\/strong> From the British Isles and the southern North Sea to South Africa and Western Indian Ocean. Absent from Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence:<\/strong> Occasional in the central Mediterranean Sea and in the Adriatic Sea. Rare in the western and eastern Mediterranean Sea. <\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Malta (2023), Adriatic Sea (2015), Corsica (2012), Spain (2012), Turkey (2011), Balearic Sea (2009), France (2009). Greece &#8211; Aegean Sea (2010), Algeria (2003).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" id=\"block-9b73d5c7-dbcc-41af-86bf-6c305dce5c4a\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Myliobatis_aquila_4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: Commercial species in several areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Not intensively fished but regularly caught as an accidental by-catch (mainly in nets). A traditional food item in the Adriatic and in the Maghreb. Highly esteemed flesh.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global:<\/strong> Critically Endangered (IUCN 2021, last assessment: 2020)<\/li><li><strong>Mediterranean: <\/strong>Vulnerable (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Europe:<\/strong> Vulnerable (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Agius A., Borg J. A., Schembri P. J. 2024. Batoid fishes associating with tuna farms in Malta. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer M\u00e9dit. 43: 273.<\/li><li>Damalas D., Vassilopoulou V. 2011. Chondrichthyan by-catch and discards in the demersal trawl fishery of the central Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). <em>Fisheries Research <\/em>108(1): 142-152.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries &#8211; A review. <em>General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean &#8211;<\/em> <em>Studies and Reviews<\/em> 101: I-317.<\/li><li>Follesa M. C., Marongiu M. F., Zupa W., Bellodi A., Cau A., Cannas R., Colloca F., Djurovic M., Isajlovic I., Jadaud A., Manfredi C., Mulas A., Peristeraki P., Porcu C., Ramirez-Amaro S., Salmer\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez F., Serena F., Sion L., Thasitis I., Cau A., Carbonara P. 2019. Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean.\u00a0<em>Scientia Marina\u00a0<\/em>83(S1): 81-100.<\/li><li>Fortuna C.M., Vallini C., Filidei Jr E., Ruffino M., Consalvo I., Di Muccio S., Gion C.,\u00a0 Scaccoa U., Tarullia E., Giovanardi O., Mazzola A. 2010. By-catch of cetaceans and other species of conservation concern during pair trawl fishing operations in the Adriatic Sea (Italy). <em>Chemistry and Ecology<\/em> 26: 65-76.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes<\/em> 6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Zogaris S., Dussling U. 2010. On the occurrence of the bull ray <em>Pteromylaeus bovinus<\/em> (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae) in the Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 11(1): 177-184.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Myliobatis aquila Common name : Common Eagle Ray&nbsp; Order: Myliobatiformes Family: Myliobatidae Synonyms: Raja aquila, Leiobatus aquila, Raia rhombus, Myliobatis noctula, Myliobatis cervus, Holorhinus aquila. Misidentifications: Aetomylaeus bovinus Short description Medium-sized to large eagle ray. Head thick distinct from disk forming a rostrum like a broad projection. Short, rounded and prominent snout. Upper or lower<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/myliobatis-aquila\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Myliobatis aquila\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3654"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3654"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6774,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3654\/revisions\/6774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}