{"id":4094,"date":"2022-07-18T16:10:37","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T16:10:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4094"},"modified":"2024-08-23T15:21:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T15:21:00","slug":"rhinoptera-marginata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rhinoptera-marginata\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhinoptera marginata"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em><em>Rhinoptera marginata<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Lusitanian Cownose ray<br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Myliobatiformes<br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rhinopteridae<br><strong>Synonyms:<\/strong> <em>Myliobatis marginata<\/em>, <em>Rhinoptera peli<\/em><br><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong>None<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4155\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4155 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4155\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4155\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4161 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rmarginata_TalShema-e1658230050328-382x273.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4155 slide-4161\" title=\"rmarginata_TalShema\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Tal Shema<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4160 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rmarginata_HenkHeessen-e1658230033106-609x435.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4155 slide-4160\" title=\"rmarginata_HenkHeessen\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Henk Heessen<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4159 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rmarginata_HenHeessen2-e1658229996932-611x437.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4155 slide-4159\" title=\"rmarginata_HenHeessen2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Henk Heessen<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medium to large species with lozenge-shape disk much broader than long. Head protruding from disk. Front of head distinctly concave. Deeply incised subrostal lob. Snout is divided into two parts. Eyes and spiracles oriented sideways. Broad mouth. Slender tail with a single dorsal fin and one or more spines on its base.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>Brown greenish to bronze dorsal surface. White ventral surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Disk width<\/strong> (DW): 50-102 cm (max 200 cm)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Oscillatory locomotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rmarginata_Rshevy.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: R. Shevy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on bottom-living mollusks, crustaceans and fishes.<br><br><strong>Behaviour:<\/strong> Gregarious, often forming large groups swimming near the surface.<br><br><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Viviparous (aplacental viviparity with histotrophy). Size at maturity (DW): 66-80 cm female and 62-77 cm male. Gestation period: up to 1 year. Juveniles per litter: 1-6. Size at birth: ~23 cm.<br><br><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Bentho-pelagic in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters, shallow bays, lagoons and estuaries from surface to 100 m of depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Often forms large groups swimming in mid-water; quite destructive of commercial oyster and clam beds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Front of head distinctly concave.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Deeply incised subrostal lob.<\/li><li>Snout is divided into two parts.<\/li><li>One dart and a small dorsal fin at the base of the tail.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Myliobatiformes:<\/strong> No caudal and anal fin. Thin tail like a whip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rhinopteridae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Head protruding from disk. Two subrostral fins incised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide<\/strong>: Southern Spain to Senegal. Absent in Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence:<\/strong> Very rare. Single or sporadic captures in eastern Mediterranean. Seems absent in the western part of the Mediterranean.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Bay of Antalia &#8211; Turkey (2021), Egypt (2020), Mersin &amp; Iskenderun bay &#8211; Turkey (2013), Cyprus (2004), Syria (2003).<\/li><li><strong>Locally extinct:<\/strong> Upper Tyrrhenian Sea (1972), Adriatic Sea (1948).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-1024x500.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6763\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-1024x500.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-768x375.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-1536x750.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024-1568x765.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/new_R-marginata2024.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Formerly a commercial species, now caught as bycatch in industrial, artisanal and subsistence fisheries, by pelagic and bottom trawl fisheries and with gillnets.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global:<\/strong> Critically Endangered (IUCN 2021, last assessment: 2020)<\/li><li><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Data Deficient (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Europe:<\/strong> Data Deficient (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Ali M.F. 2018. An updated Checklist of the Marine fishes from Syria with emphasis on alien species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 19(2): 388-393.<\/li><li>Ba\u015fusta N., Ba\u015fusta A., \u00c7i\u00e7ek E., Cicia A. M., Sulikowski J. A. 2022. First Estimates of Age and Growth of the Lusitanian Cownose Ray (<em>Rhinoptera marginata<\/em>) from the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering<\/em> <em>10<\/em>(5): 685.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries \u2013 A review. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.\u00a0<em>Studies and Reviews<\/em>\u00a0101: I-317.<\/li><li>Golani D. 2006. Cartilaginous fishes of the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In: Ba\u015fusta N., Keskin \u00c7, Serena F., S\u00e9ret B. (eds) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mediterranean Cartilaginous Fish with Emphasis on Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, pp. 95-100. Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Marine Research Foundation.<\/li><li>Hadjichristophorou M. 2006. Chondrichthyes in Cyprus. In: Basusta N., Keskin C., Serena F., Seret B. (Eds), Proceedings of the Workshop on Mediterranean Cartilaginous Fish with Emphasis on Southern and Eastern Mediterranean No. 23. Turkish Marine Research Foundation, Atak\u00f6y Marina, Istanbul, Turkey.<\/li><li>Kabasakal H., Oru\u00e7 A., Kalecik E., Sevim E., Ara\u00e7 N., Lin\u00e7 C. \u0130. 2024. Recent occurences of <em>Rhinoptera marginata<\/em> and <em>Mobula mobular<\/em> in Turkish Aegean and Mediterranean waters.  <em>Annales: Series Historia Naturalis<\/em>\u00a0Vol. 34, No. 1:  51-60.<\/li><li>Mancusi C., Baino R., Fortuna C., De Sola L.G., Morey G., Bradai M.N., Kallianotis A., Soldo A., Hemida F. Saad A.., Dimech M., Peristeraki P., Bariche M., Clo S., De Sabata E., Castellano L., Garibaldi F., Lanteri L., Tinti F., Pais A., Sperone E., Micarelli P., Poisson F., Sion L., Carlucci R., Cebrian-Menchero D., Seret B., Ferretti F., El-Far A., Saygu I., Shakman E., Bartoli A., Guallart J., Damalas D., Megalofonou P., Vacchi M., Colloca F., Bottaro M., Notarbartolo Di Sciara G., Follesa M.C., Cannas R., Kabasakal H., Zava B., Cavlan G., Jung A., Abudaya M., Kolitari J., Barash A., Joksimovic A., Cetkovic I., Marceta B., Gonzalez Vilas L., Tiralongo F., Giovos I., Bargnesi F., Lelli S., Barone M., Moro S., Mazzoldi C., Abella A., Serena F. 2020. MEDLEM database, a data collection on large Elasmobranchs in the Mediterranean and Black seas. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 21(2): 276-288.<\/li><li>Ragheb E., Hasan M.W.A. 2021. First record of <em>Pteroplatytrygon violacea<\/em> (Bonaparte, 1832) with annotation of cartilaginous fishes by-catch by gill nets (Egyptian Mediterranean). <em>The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research<\/em> <em>47<\/em>(4): 387-392.<\/li><li>Saad A., Ali M., Seret B. 2006. Shark exploitation and conservation in Syria. In: Ba\u015fusta N., Keskin C., Fabrizio S, Seret B. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mediterranean Cartilaginous Fish with Emphasis on Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, pp. 202-208. Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Marine Research Foundation.<\/li><li>Serena F., Relini G. 2005. Use of scientific campaigns (trawl surveys) for the knowledge of the sensitive habitats: a review of the MEDITS, GRUND and APHIA data with special attention to the Italian seas. In: Ba\u015fusta N., Keskin C., Fabrizio S, Seret B. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mediterranean Cartilaginous Fish with Emphasis on Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, pp. 95-100. Istanbul, Turkey, Turkish Marine Research Foundation.<\/li><li>T\u0131ra\u015f\u0131n E.M., Ba\u015fusta N. 2018. Near-term embryos and gravid females of Lusitanian cownose ray (<em>Rhinoptera marginata<\/em>) in Mersin Bay, eastern Mediterranean Sea. <em>Marine and Freshwater Research<\/em> <em>69<\/em>(9): 1365-1371.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhinoptera marginata Common name : Lusitanian Cownose rayOrder: MyliobatiformesFamily: RhinopteridaeSynonyms: Myliobatis marginata, Rhinoptera peliMisidentifications: None Short description Medium to large species with lozenge-shape disk much broader than long. Head protruding from disk. Front of head distinctly concave. Deeply incised subrostal lob. Snout is divided into two parts. Eyes and spiracles oriented sideways. Broad mouth. Slender<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rhinoptera-marginata\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Rhinoptera marginata\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4094"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4094"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6765,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4094\/revisions\/6765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}