{"id":4322,"date":"2022-07-28T13:21:08","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T13:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4322"},"modified":"2024-08-06T14:55:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T14:55:35","slug":"rostroraja-alba","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rostroraja-alba\/","title":{"rendered":"Rostroraja alba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>Rostroraja alba<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name:<\/strong> White Skate  <br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rajiformes  <br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rajidae  <br><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>Raja alba<\/em><em>, Raja marginata<\/em> <em>, Raia bicolor<\/em> <br><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong><em>Raja maroccana<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4324\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4324 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4324\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4324\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4328 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ralba_dennisrabeling-e1659013535220-700x500.jpeg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4324 slide-4328\" title=\"ralba_dennisrabeling\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Dennis Rabeling<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4329 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ralba_dennisrabeling2-393x281.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4324 slide-4329\" title=\"ralba_dennisrabeling2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Dennis Rabeling<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4330 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ralba_nicolasfaulks-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4324 slide-4330\" title=\"ralba_nicolasfaulks\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Nicolas Faulks<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Very large skate with a long and pointed muzzle covered with small thorns. Rhombic disc with angular corner. Three rows of large spines along the tail. Upper side of the disc is covered with small sharp thorns, no large thorns on the nape or back.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>Reddish-brown to blue-grey dorsal surface with distinct light spots. White ventral surface with dark margins on pectoral and pelvic fins. Dark tail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Disk width<\/strong>&nbsp;(DW): up to 240 cm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Undulatory and pelvic fin locomotion (walking and punting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/ralba_danielseguradiaz.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: Daniel Segura Diaz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Egg case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Very large, with striated surfaces, rough to the touch. Posterior horns are very long, three times the length of the anterior horns. Posterior horns tapered and flattened towards their tips, whereas the anterior horns are short, tapered and with attachment fibres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size:<\/strong> 12.5-20 cm long, 10-15 cm wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinctive features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Capsule length \u2265 4 cm<\/li><li>Anterior horns almost right in shape.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rostroraja:<\/span><strong> <\/strong>Long posterior horns of egg-case. Anterior horns length superior to 2 times the posterior. Rear horns relatively short.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_Egg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"124\" height=\"400\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajiformes \/&nbsp;Rajidae:<\/span>&nbsp;Rectangular egg-case, width no greater than twice the capsule length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi and cuttlefish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Oviparous. Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 130 cm female, 120 cm male. Eggs per year: 55-156. Size at birth (TL): ~30 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Demersal species, benthic from coastal waters to upper slope region. Found on sandy, rock-sandy and detriti substrates, from 10 to 750 m of depth (usually between 50-500 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">One of the largest skates known.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Very long and pointed muzzle.<\/li><li>Angular pectoral fin.<\/li><li>Three rows of large spines along the tail and one spine between the dorsal fin.<\/li><li>Upper side of the disc covered with small sharp thorns, no large thorns on nape or back.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Circular to rhombic disc. Tail well demarcated from disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rostroraja: <\/strong>Long posterior horns of egg-case. Anterior horns length superior to 2 times the posterior. Rear horns relatively short.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide<\/strong>: Eastern Atlantic from the British Islands to South Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean<\/strong>: <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Present in the western and in the northern Mediterranean Sea. Egg-cases collected in the western Sardinian coast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence: <\/strong>Rare.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Sardinia (2023), Cyprus (2018-2022), Eastern Greece (2018), Malta (2005-2018), Strait of Sicily &#8211; Italy (1994-2018), Turkey (2019), Adriatic (2015), Balearic Islands (2012-2015), Corse (2012-2015), Gulf of Gabes &#8211; Tunisia (2009), Edremit, Izmir &amp; Sigacik bay &#8211; Turkey (2009), Saros bay &#8211; Turkey (2006), Algeria (2003), Central Aegean sea (2000), Calabria &#8211; Italy (2000).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-1024x508.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-1024x508.png 1024w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-1536x762.png 1536w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4-1568x778.png 1568w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rostroraja_alba_4.png 1794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: Incidentally caught by trawl and artisanal (trammel and longlines) fisheries.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global: <\/strong>Endangered&nbsp; (IUCN 2006, last assessment: 2006)<\/li><li><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Endangered (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Europe:<\/strong> Critically Endangered (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Bellodi A., Di Crescenzo S., Carbonara P., Crobe V., Ferrari  A., Mulas  A., Porcu C., Follesa M.C., Cannas R. (2024). Updating knowledge on the Critically Endangered white skate <em>Rostroraja alba<\/em> (Lacep\u00e8de, 1803) through the first record in North-East Sardinian coastal waters.\u00a0<em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em>\u00a0<em>25<\/em>(2): 484-491.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries \u2013 A review. <em>General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean<\/em> &#8211; <em>Studies and Reviews<\/em>\u00a0101: I-317.<\/li><li>Damalas D., Vassilopoulou V. 2011. Chondrichthyan by-catch and discards in the demersal trawl fishery of the central Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). <em>Fisheries Research<\/em> 108(1): 142-152.<\/li><li>Ferretti F., Osio G.C., Jenkins C.J., Rosenberg A.A., Lotze H.K. 2013. Long-term change in a meso-predator community in response to prolonged and heterogeneous human impact. <em>Scientific reports<\/em> 3(1): 1-11.<\/li><li>Follesa M. C., Marongiu M. F., Zupa W., Bellodi A., Cau A., Cannas R., Colloca F., Djurovic M., Isajlovic I., Jadaud A., Manfredi C., Mulas A., Peristeraki P., Porcu C., Ramirez-Amaro S., Salmer\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez F., Serena F., Sion L., Thasitis I., Cau A., Carbonara P. 2019. Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean. <em>Scientia Marina <\/em>83(S1): 81-100.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes<\/em> 6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Mancusi C., Massi D., Baino R., Cariani A., Crobe V., Ebert D.A., Ferrari, C, Gordon A., Hoff G.R., Iglesias S.P., Titone A., Serena F. 2021. An identification key for Chondrichthyes egg cases of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. <em>The European Zoological Journal<\/em> 88(1): 436-448.<\/li><li>Marongiu M.F., Porcu C., Bellodi A., Cannas R., Carugati L., Cau A., Antonello M., Paola P., Follesa, M. C. (2021). On the presence of the Endangered white skate <em>Rostroraja alba<\/em> in Sardinian waters. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science<\/em> 22: 137-140.<\/li><li>O\u2019Keefe M., Bengil EG., Palmer JL, Beton D, \u00c7a\u011flar \u00c7., Godley B.J, \u00d6zkan M., Snape R.T.E., Broderick A.C. 2023. Diversity and distribution of elasmobranchs in the coastal waters of Cyprus: using bycatch data to inform management and conservation.\u00a0<em>Front. Mar. Sci.<\/em> 10: 1181437.<\/li><li>Ordines F., Massut\u00ed E., Moranta J., Quetglas A., Guijarro B., Fliti K. 2011. Balearic Islands vs Algeria: two nearby western Mediterranean elasmobranch assemblages with different oceanographic scenarios and fishing histories. <em>Scientia Marina<\/em> 75(4): 707-717.<\/li><li>Ram\u00edrez-Amaro S., Ordines F., Esteban A., Garc\u00eda C., Guijarro B., Salmer\u00f3n F., Terrasa B., Massut\u00ed E. 2020. The diversity of recent trends for chondrichthyans in the Mediterranean reflects fishing exploitation and a potential evolutionary pressure towards early maturation. <em>Scientific Reports<\/em> 10(1): 1-18.<\/li><li>Soldo A., Lipej L. 2022. An Annotated Checklist and the Conservation Status of Chondrichthyans in the Adriatic. <em>Fishes<\/em>\u00a07(5): 245.<\/li><li>T\u00fcrker D., Zengin K., T\u00fcnay \u00d6.K. 2019. Length-weight relationships for nine chondrichthyes fish species from Edremit Bay (north Aegean Sea). <em>Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences <\/em>19(1): 71\u201379.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rostroraja alba Common name: White Skate Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae Synonyms: Raja alba, Raja marginata , Raia bicolor Misidentifications: Raja maroccana Short description Very large skate with a long and pointed muzzle covered with small thorns. Rhombic disc with angular corner. Three rows of large spines along the tail. Upper side of the disc is<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rostroraja-alba\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Rostroraja alba\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4322"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4322"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6760,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4322\/revisions\/6760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}