{"id":4345,"date":"2022-07-28T15:15:15","date_gmt":"2022-07-28T15:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4345"},"modified":"2022-10-10T12:07:01","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T12:07:01","slug":"raja-undulata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/raja-undulata\/","title":{"rendered":"Raja undulata"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>Raja undulata<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Undulate Skate <br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rajiformes  <br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rajidae  <br><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong>None  <br><strong>Misidentifications:<\/strong> None<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4348\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4348 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4348\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4348\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4354 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rundulata_sylvainlebris-700x500.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4348 slide-4354\" title=\"rundulata_sylvainlebris\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Sylvain Le Bris<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4362 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rundulata_christianlebreton-697x497.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4348 slide-4362\" title=\"rundulata_christianlebreton\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Christian Le Breton<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4357 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rundulata_vascoferreira-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4348 slide-4357\" title=\"rundulata_vascoferreira\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Vasco Ferreira<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medium-bodied skate, circular body with pectoral fins wider than long and an edge forming a sinuous curve. Short snout. Spiny dorsal surface with smooth areas on the central parts and posterior disc. Row of 2-8 spines along the neck. Smooth ventral surface but not on the snout and front end.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>Ochre to grayish-brown dorsal surface, with several dark undulating bands and edged with white spots. White ventral surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length<\/strong>\u00a0(TL): up to 120 cm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Undulatory and pelvic fin locomotion (walking and punting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rundulata_alexandredoublet.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: Alexandre Doublet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Egg case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Raja_undulata_Egg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"400\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Oblong capsules covered by fibers with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size:<\/strong> 5-9 cm length, 4.2-5.2 cm wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinctive features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Capsule width \u2265 45 mm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Raja:<\/span> Long posterior horns. Anterior horns length less than twice the posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajiformes \/&nbsp;Rajidae:<\/span>&nbsp;Rectangular egg-case, width no greater than twice the capsule length.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals (small fish, crustaceans, mollusks and other macrobenthic organisms).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Oviparous. Eggs per year: 30-90. Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 71-78 cm males, 75-84 cm females.  Size at birth (TL): 14 cm. Differences in reproduction season, size at first maturity, generation length and\/or growth rate were observed between populations, probably related to water temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Demersal in shallow waters to about 300 m on soft and sandy bottoms. Inshore with fragmented range with a small number of discrete areas. Small specimens have been reported in coastal lagoons, r\u00edas, and just outside estuaries which may be nursery areas. Depth: 0-300 m (more common at depths &lt;50 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Little data on the biology of this species due to its rarity and the depth where it lives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Several undulating dark bands with white spots<\/li><li>Snout short<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Circular to rhombic disc. Tail well demarcated from disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide<\/strong>: Patchy and discontinuous distribution in the North Atlantic, from the south of Ireland to Senegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean<\/strong>: <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Found<strong> <\/strong>very sporadically across the Mediterranean Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence:<\/strong> Rare.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Gulf of Cadiz &#8211; Spain (2018), Cyprus (2017), Portugal (1986-2017), Atlantic &#8211; Morocco (2016; including juveniles) Cretan and Aegean Sea (2012-2015), Balearic Sea (2001).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-1024x508.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-1024x508.png 1024w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-1536x762.png 1536w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5-1568x778.png 1568w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/raja_undulata_5.png 1794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: Caught by trawl, trammel net, and other demersal fisheries, mainly as bycatch but often retained. Considered of high value in fisheries.&nbsp; Fragmented distribution possibly with little exchange. Suspicion of decline of habitat quality of inshore and estuarine habitats as a result of contamination (urban and industrial pollution), shipping, dredging navigation channels, aquaculture, and other habitat modification.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global range: <\/strong>Endangered (IUCN 2009, last assessment: 2003)<\/li><li><strong>Europe:<\/strong> Near Threatened (IUCN 2015, last assessment 2015)<\/li><li><strong>Mediterranean: <\/strong>Near Threatened (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Coelho R, Erzini K. 2002. Age and growth of the undulate ray, <em>Raja undulata<\/em>, in the Algarve (southern Portugal). <em>J Mar Biol Assoc UK<\/em> 82(6): 987\u2013990.\u00a0<\/li><li>Coelho R, Erzini K. 2006. Reproductive aspects of the undulate ray, <em>Raja undulata<\/em>, from the south coast of Portugal. <em>Fish Res <\/em>81(1): 80\u201385.\u00a0<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes<\/em> 6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Follesa M. C., Marongiu M. F., Zupa W., Bellodi A., Cau A., Cannas R., Colloca F., Djurovic M., Isajlovic I., Jadaud A., Manfredi C., Mulas A., Peristeraki P., Porcu C., Ramirez-Amaro S., Salmer\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez F., Serena F., Sion L., Thasitis I., Cau A., Carbonara P. 2019. Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean. <em>Scientia Marina <\/em>83(S1): 81-100.<\/li><li>Soldo A., Lipej L. 2022. An Annotated Checklist and the Conservation Status of Chondrichthyans in the Adriatic. <em>Fishes<\/em>\u00a07(5): 245.<\/li><li>Villagra D., Van Bogaert N., Ampe B., Walker P., Uhlmann S. S. 2022. Life-history traits of batoids (Superorder Batoidea) in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/em>: 1-23.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raja undulata Common name : Undulate Skate Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae Synonyms: None Misidentifications: None Short description Medium-bodied skate, circular body with pectoral fins wider than long and an edge forming a sinuous curve. Short snout. Spiny dorsal surface with smooth areas on the central parts and posterior disc. Row of 2-8 spines along the<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/raja-undulata\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Raja undulata\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4345"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4345\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6632,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4345\/revisions\/6632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}