{"id":4468,"date":"2022-08-05T08:21:29","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T08:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4468"},"modified":"2022-10-10T11:49:13","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T11:49:13","slug":"leucoraja-naevus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-naevus\/","title":{"rendered":"Leucoraja naevus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em><em><em><em><em><em><em>Leucoraja naevus<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Cuckoo ray    <br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rajiformes  <br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rajidae&nbsp;  <br><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>Raja naevus<\/em><br><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong>None<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4460\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4460 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4460\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4460\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4476 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lnaevus_HenkHeesen-676x483.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4460 slide-4476\" title=\"lnaevus_HenkHeesen\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Henk Heesen<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4475 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lnaevus_JimGreenfield-595x425.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4460 slide-4475\" title=\"lnaevus_JimGreenfield\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Jim Greenfield<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4474 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lnaevus_ChristineJohnson-480x342.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4460 slide-4474\" title=\"lnaevus_ChristineJohnson\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Christine Johnson<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medium-sized skate. Rhomboid disk, slightly wider than long, with sinuous anterior margins. Short and pointed muzzle. Upper surface entirely spinulose, smooth in juveniles. Underside smooth except for the snout. Row of 9-13 thorns around ocella and large triangle of thorns on shoulders. Two parallel rows of spines along the tail.<br><br><strong>Color: <\/strong>Dorsal surface ochre to light greyish-brown. A large black ocella with yellow marbling in the middle of each pectoral fin. Secondary ocella may be present on other parts of the disc. White ventrally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length&nbsp;<\/strong>(TL): 40 &#8211; 60 cm (max 81 cm male, 68 cm female)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Undulatory and pelvic fin locomotion (walking and punting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/lnaevus_KeithWaugh-cut.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: Keith Waugh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Egg case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Rectangular shape and pointed horns at the corners, deposited in sandy or muddy bottoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size: <\/strong>5-7 cm length, 3.1 &#8211; 3.9 cm wide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinctive features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Length of the anterior horns about 3 times that of the rear horns<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Leucoraja:<\/span> Egg case with long pointed horns. Anterior horns length greater than twice the posterior. Rear horns relatively long.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_naevus_Egg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"131\" height=\"397\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/span><strong> <\/strong>Rectangular egg-case, width no greater than twice the capsule length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Oviparous. Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 45 &#8211; 71.8 cm. Gestation period: 8 months. Eggs per year: 70-150. Size at birth (TL): 9 &#8211; 12 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Demersal and offshore species (benthic in coastal water) on coarse sand and gravel substrate at depth from 10 to 900 m (usually 20 &#8211; 250 m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-tertiary-background-color has-background\">Always been relatively uncommon in the Mediterranean Sea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Short snout.<\/li><li>Black ocella marbled with yellow marbling.<\/li><li>Two rows of spines along the tail.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Circular to rhombic disc. Tail well demarcated from disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide<\/strong>: Eastern Atlantic from Norway to Senegal. Absent from Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean<\/strong>: <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Whole Mediterranean. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence:<\/strong> Occasional\/rare. Most frequently captured in the Aegean Sea.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Portugal (1986-2017), Atlantic &#8211; Morocco (2015,2016), Aegean Sea (2012-2015), Balearic islands (2012-2015), Cyprus (2012-2015), Gulf of Lion &#8211; France (2012-2015),Crete (2012-2015), Spain (2012-2015), Izmir, Sigacik &amp; Edremit bay &#8211; Turkey (2007-2009), Algeria (2003-2004).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_naevus_4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: Taken as bycatch with bottom trawlers.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Near Threatened (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Global, Europe:<\/strong> Least Concern (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in mediterranean and black sea fisheries a review. <em>General Fis<\/em>heries Commission for the Mediterranean &#8211; <em>Studies and Reviews <\/em>101: I-317.<\/li><li>Eronat EGT, \u00d6zayd\u0131n, O., 2014. Length-weight relationship of cartilaginous fish species from Central Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay and S\u0131\u011fac\u0131k Bay). <em>Ege J FishAqua Sci<\/em> 31(3): 119-125.<\/li><li>Follesa M. C., Marongiu M. F., Zupa W., Bellodi A., Cau A., Cannas R., Colloca F., Djurovic M., Isajlovic I., Jadaud A., Manfredi C., Mulas A., Peristeraki P., Porcu C., Ramirez-Amaro S., Salmer\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez F., Serena F., Sion L., Thasitis I., Cau A., Carbonara P. 2019. Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean.&nbsp;<em>Scientia Marina&nbsp;<\/em>83(S1): 81-100.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea).&nbsp;<em>Fishes<\/em>&nbsp;6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Marongiu M.F., Porcu C., Bellodi A., Cannas R., Cau A., Cuccu D., Mulas A., Follesa M.C. 2017. Temporal dynamics of demersal chondrichthyan species in the central western Mediterranean Sea: The case study in Sardinia Island. <em>Fisheries Research<\/em> 193: 81-94.<\/li><li>T\u00fcrker, Dilek &amp; Zengin, Kadriye &amp; Tunay, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Kemal. 2018. Length-Weigth Relationships for Nine Chondrichthyes Fish Species from Edremit Bay (North Aegean Sea). <em>Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences <\/em>19: 71-79.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leucoraja naevus Common name : Cuckoo ray Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae&nbsp; Synonyms: Raja naevusMisidentifications: None Short description Medium-sized skate. Rhomboid disk, slightly wider than long, with sinuous anterior margins. Short and pointed muzzle. Upper surface entirely spinulose, smooth in juveniles. Underside smooth except for the snout. Row of 9-13 thorns around ocella and large triangle<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-naevus\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Leucoraja naevus\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4468"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4468"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6613,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4468\/revisions\/6613"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}