{"id":4491,"date":"2022-08-05T09:52:21","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T09:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4491"},"modified":"2022-11-07T14:50:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T14:50:48","slug":"leucoraja-fullonica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-fullonica\/","title":{"rendered":"Leucoraja fullonica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Leucoraja fullonica<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Shagreen ray  <br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rajiformes  <br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rajidae&nbsp;  <br><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em><em>Raja fullonica<\/em><\/em><br><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-circularis\/\">Leucoraja circularis<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4494\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4494 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4494\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4494\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4500 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lfullonica_HenkHeessen-599x428.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4494 slide-4500\" title=\"lfullonica_HenkHeessen\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: HenkHeessen<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4498 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lfullonica_AdibAliSaad2-700x500.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4494 slide-4498\" title=\"lfullonica_AdibAliSaad2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: AdibAliSaad<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4499 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/lfullonica_janfekjan-700x500.png\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4494 slide-4499\" title=\"lfullonica_janfekjan\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">drawing: janfekjan<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Relatively large body size. Pronounced and pointed snout. Rhomboid disc, with angled outer corners. Spiny dorsal surface, underside prickly on large areas. Currently 3-9 nuchal spines in a longitudinal row. Usually 8 thorns in a complete row around the inner margin of the eye, small thorns on the scapular. A row of 50 spines on each part of the midline, from shoulder to the first dorsal fin.&nbsp;<br><br><strong>Color:<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong>Ash-gray dorsal surface. White ventral surface.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length&nbsp;<\/strong>(TL): 40 &#8211; 80 cm (max 120 cm male and 117 cm female).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Undulatory and pelvic fin locomotion (walking and punting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Egg case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Rectangular shape and pointed horns at the corners, deposited on sandy or muddy bottoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size: <\/strong>7.5-9.9 cm length, 4.5-4.7 cm wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinctive features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>5 cm &gt; Egg-case length \u2265 3 cm<\/li><li>Anterior horn length shorter than the egg-case length<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_Egg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"136\" height=\"400\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Leucoraja:<\/span> Egg case with long pointed horns. Anterior horns length greater than twice the posterior. Rear horns relatively long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/span><strong> <\/strong>Rectangular egg-case, width no greater than twice the capsule length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on benthic animals, with probably a preference for fish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Oviparous. Size at maturity (TL): 75-81 cm male, largest immature female 82 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Demersal species found in offshore shelf and upper slope water. Occurs in relatively cold coastal waters, on the upper parts of the continental slope. Found in a large scale from 30 to 800 m deep, often around 200 m. Possibly occurs down to 800 m deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-tertiary-background-color has-background\">Little is known about the biology and reproductive cycle of this relatively large skate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Pronounced and pointed snout.<\/li><li>Nine spines along the middle row.<\/li><li>Two parallel rows along the tail.<\/li><li>Tips of the disk more pointed than <a href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-circularis\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"4504\"><em>L. circularis<\/em><\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rajiformes \/ Rajidae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Circular to rhombic disc. Tail well demarcated from disc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide:&nbsp;<\/strong>From Norway and Iceland to Azores and northern Morocco. Absent from Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Occurs from the Levantine basin to the Western Mediterranean. Possibly entered from the Suez Canal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence: <\/strong>Rare.<\/li><li><strong>Latest<\/strong> <strong>records:<\/strong> Syria (2018), South of Sicily &#8211; Italy (1994-2018), Malta (2005-2018), Calabria &#8211; Italy (2015), Cyprus (2012-2015), Balearic Sea (2009), Izmir and Sigacik bay &#8211; Turkey (2008-2009), South Adriatic Sea (2008-2009). <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-1024x508.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-1024x508.png 1024w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-1536x762.png 1536w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4-1568x778.png 1568w, https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Leucoraja_fullonica_4.png 1794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats<\/strong>: Taken as bycatch on a large scale of demersal fisheries.<br><br><strong>Protection level<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Critically Endangered (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Global, Europe:<\/strong> Vulnerable (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Carluccio A., Capezzuto F., Maiorano P., Sion L., D\u2019Onghia G. 2021. Deep-water cartilaginous fishes in the Central Mediterranean Sea: Comparison between geographic areas with two low impact tools for sampling. <em>Journal of Marine Science and Engineering<\/em> 9(7): 686.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries \u2013 A review. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.&nbsp;<em>Studies and Reviews<\/em>&nbsp;101: I-317.<\/li><li>Eronat EGT, \u00d6zayd\u0131n, O., 2014. Length-weight relationship of cartilaginous fish species from Central Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay and S\u0131\u011fac\u0131k Bay). <em>Ege J FishAqua Sci <\/em>31(3): 119-125.<\/li><li>Follesa M. C., Marongiu M. F., Zupa W., Bellodi A., Cau A., Cannas R., Colloca F., Djurovic M., Isajlovic I., Jadaud A., Manfredi C., Mulas A., Peristeraki P., Porcu C., Ramirez-Amaro S., Salmer\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez F., Serena F., Sion L., Thasitis I., Cau A., Carbonara P. 2019. Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean.&nbsp;<em>Scientia Marina&nbsp;<\/em>83(S1) : 81-100.<\/li><li>Geraci M. L., Ragonese S., Scannella D., Falsone F., Gancitano V., Mifsud J., Gambin M., Said A., Vitale S. 2021. Batoid abundances, spatial distribution, and life history traits in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea): Bridging a knowledge gap through three decades of survey. <em>Animals <\/em>11(8): 2189.<\/li><li>Saad A., Alkusairy H. 2019. First record of Shagreen ray <em>Leucoraja fullonica <\/em>(Linnaeus, 1758) in Syrian coastal waters (eastern Mediterranean). <em>Cah. Biol. Mar<\/em>. 60: 303-306.<\/li><li>Villagra D., Van Bogaert N., Ampe B., Walker P.,Uhlmann, S.S. 2022. Life-history traits of batoids (Superorder Batoidea) in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/em>: 1-23.<\/li><li>Zupa W., Donnaloia M., Gaudio P., Intini S., Carbonara P. 2010. Occurrence of <em>Leucoraja fullonica <\/em>(Linnaeus, 1758) in the south Adriatic Sea. <em>Biologia Marina Mediterranea<\/em> 17(1): 260-261.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leucoraja fullonica Common name : Shagreen ray Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae&nbsp; Synonyms: Raja fullonicaMisidentifications: Leucoraja circularis Short description Relatively large body size. Pronounced and pointed snout. Rhomboid disc, with angled outer corners. Spiny dorsal surface, underside prickly on large areas. Currently 3-9 nuchal spines in a longitudinal row. Usually 8 thorns in a complete row<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/leucoraja-fullonica\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Leucoraja fullonica\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4491"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4491"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6705,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4491\/revisions\/6705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}