{"id":4557,"date":"2022-08-05T15:36:47","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T15:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4557"},"modified":"2022-10-05T10:13:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T10:13:12","slug":"dipturus-cf-batis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/dipturus-cf-batis\/","title":{"rendered":"Dipturus cf batis (old)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Dipturus <\/em>cf.<em> batis<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Common name:<\/strong> Common skate complex, Blue skate <br><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rajiformes <br><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rajidae&nbsp; <br><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>D. cf. fossada<\/em>, <em>D. cf. intermedia, Raja batis, Raja macrorhynchus<\/em><strong> <\/strong><br><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/dipturus-nidarosiensis\/\" target=\"_blank\">D. nidarosiensis<\/a><\/em><br><strong>Remark:<\/strong> Newly resurrected, <em>Dipturus intermedius<\/em> is still treated as a composite species in <em>D. batis. <\/em>The distinct distribution of the two species must be clarified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4550\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4550 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4550\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4550\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4556 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/dbatis_PedroNinyDuarte-624x446.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4550 slide-4556\" title=\"dbatis_PedroNinyDuarte\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Pedro Niny Duarte<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4554 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/dbatis_DavyHolt-e1664786639127-624x446.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4550 slide-4554\" title=\"dbatis_DavyHolt\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Davy Holt<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4555 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/dbatis_jimEllis-669x478.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4550 slide-4555\" title=\"dbatis_jimEllis\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Jim Ellis<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Large body size. Long and pointed muzzle. Rhombic disc, with concave anterior margins. Smooth dorsal and ventral surfaces in juveniles, partially spiny in larger specimens. 12-31 spines along the tail. 40-56 tooth rows.<br><br><strong>Color:<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong>Grey to olive-brown dorsal surface with light spot. Sometimes one ocella on each pectoral fin. Grey to blue-grey ventral surface.<br><br><strong>Measurements:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length <\/strong>(TL)<strong>: <\/strong>100-200 cm (max 285 cm based on historical records).<\/li><li><strong>Weight:<\/strong> up to 97 kg.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Undulatory and pelvic fin locomotion (walking and punting).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Dbatis_oceana.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: OCEANA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Egg case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Large capsules with rectangular shape and pointed horns at the corners, deposited on sandy or muddy bottoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Size: <\/strong>10.6 &#8211; 24.5 cm length,<br>5 &#8211; 14.5 cm wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinctive features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Dipturus:<\/span> Short horns or reduced to a simple shape. Length &gt; 100 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rajiformes \/ Rajidae: <\/span>Rectangular egg-case, width no greater than twice the capsule length.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Dipturus_batis_Egg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"161\" height=\"400\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on all kinds of bottom and demersal animals, including other skates, with a preference for fish. Juveniles feed on invertebrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Oviparous. Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 123 cm female, 115 cm male, at 11 years. Number of eggs per year: 40. Size at birth (TL): ~21 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\"><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Demersal species, living in shallow coastal water in shelf and slope waters and deep offshore seamounts. Occurs in cold and temperate waters from 10-600\/10-1500 m of depth, mainly around 200 m. One specimen, probably a D. intermedius, was found from 2619 m of depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Long snout.<\/li><li>A row of 12-31 spines along the middle-row and the tail.<\/li><li>Rhomboid disc with a concave shape.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rajiformes<\/strong> \/ <strong>Rajidae:<\/strong> Depressed body. Circular to rhombic disc. Thick tail well demarcated from disc. Pelvic fins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide:<\/strong>&nbsp;Northeastern Atlantic from Norway and Iceland to Senegal, including the Mediterranean Basin. Absent from Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Cited in old texts and subject of taxonomic discussions, its presence in the Mediterranean Sea is now questioned by the scientific community. Considered locally disappeared in the Northern Adriatic Sea, judged absent in the Levantine basin, we have few recent records in the central Mediterranean Sea and in the central Aegean Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Occurrence: <\/strong>Very rare.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records: <\/strong>Atlantic &#8211; Morocco (2015), Calabria &#8211; Italy (2007), South of Sicily &#8211; Italy (2011, 1990-2006), Izmir and Sigacik bay &#8211; Turkey (2008-2009), Malta (1990-2006), Adriatic Sea (1948-1968), Tyrrhenian sea (before 1898).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/dipturus_batis_4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats:<\/strong> First clear case of a fish species brought to the brink of extinction by commercial fishing. Their vulnerability to overexploitation seems to be due to their larger size, slow growth and late maturity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Protection level:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global:<\/strong> Critically endangered (IUCN 2021, last assessment: 2021)<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-3 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Bache-Jeffreys M., de Moraes B.L.C., Ball R.E., Menezes G., P\u00e1lsson J., Pampoulie C., Stevens J.R., Griffiths A. M. 2021. Resolving the spatial distributions of <em>Dipturus intermedius <\/em>and <em>Dipturus batis <\/em>&#8211; the two taxa formerly known as the \u2018common skate\u2019. <em>Environmental Biology of Fishes<\/em> 104(8): 923-936.<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries \u2013 A review. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.&nbsp;<em>Studies and Reviews<\/em>&nbsp;101: I-317.<\/li><li>Carugati L., Melis R., Cariani A., Cau A., Crobe V., Ferrari A., Follesa M.C., Geraci M.L., Igl\u00e9sias S.P., Pesci P., Tinti F., Cannas R. 2022). Combined COI barcode\u2010based methods to avoid mislabelling of threatened species of deep\u2010sea skates. <em>Animal Conservation<\/em> 25(1): 38-52.<\/li><li>Eronat EGT, \u00d6zayd\u0131n, O., 2014. Length-weight relationship of cartilaginous fish species from Central Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay and S\u0131\u011fac\u0131k Bay). Ege J FishAqua Sci 31(3): 119-125.<\/li><li>Geraci M. L., Ragonese S., Scannella D., Falsone F., Gancitano V., Mifsud J., Gambin M., Said A., Vitale S. 2021. Batoid abundances, spatial distribution, and life history traits in the Strait of Sicily (Central Mediterranean Sea): Bridging a knowledge gap through three decades of survey. <em>Animals <\/em>11(8): 2189.<\/li><li>Last P. R., Weigmann S., Yang L. 2016. Changes to the nomenclature of the skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes). Rays of the world: Supplementary information, 11-34.<\/li><li>Serena F., Abella A. J., Bargnesi F., Barone M., Colloca F., Ferretti F., Fiorentino F., Jenrette J. &amp; Moro S.&nbsp;2020.&nbsp;Species diversity, taxonomy and distribution of Chondrichthyes in the Mediterranean and Black Sea,&nbsp;The European Zoological Journal,&nbsp;87:1,&nbsp;497-536.<\/li><li>Villagra D., Van Bogaert N., Ampe B., Walker P., Uhlmann S.S. 2022. Life-history traits of batoids (Superorder Batoidea) in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries<\/em>: 1-23.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dipturus cf. batis Common name: Common skate complex, Blue skate Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae&nbsp; Synonyms: D. cf. fossada, D. cf. intermedia, Raja batis, Raja macrorhynchus Misidentifications: D. nidarosiensisRemark: Newly resurrected, Dipturus intermedius is still treated as a composite species in D. batis. The distinct distribution of the two species must be clarified. Short description Large<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/dipturus-cf-batis\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Dipturus cf batis (old)\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4557"}],"version-history":[{"count":67,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6497,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4557\/revisions\/6497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}