{"id":4600,"date":"2022-08-08T16:14:46","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T16:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4600"},"modified":"2023-12-07T16:02:03","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T16:02:03","slug":"rhinobatos-rhinobatos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rhinobatos-rhinobatos\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhinobatos rhinobatos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Rhinobatos rhinobatos<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Common Guitarfish, Violin-Fish<\/li><li><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rhinopristiformes<\/li><li><strong>Family:<\/strong> Rhinobatidae&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>Raja rhinobatos<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong>None<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4602\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4602 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4602\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4602\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4607 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rrhinobatos_johnnyjensen2-614x439.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4602 slide-4607\" title=\"rrhinobatos_johnnyjensen2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Johnny Jensen<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4608 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rrhinobatos_citron2-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4602 slide-4608\" title=\"rrhinobatos_citron2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: citron<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4618 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/rrhhinobatos_RafiAmar-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4602 slide-4618\" title=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Rafi Amar<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medium-sized guitarfish. Elongated tubular body. Head, body and pectoral fins are combined in a triangular disc, with rostral ridges widely separated. Spiracles with two developed folds. Little spines around orbits and spiracles, on shoulders and along the midline until the tail. Females seem to be larger than males.<br><br><strong>Color:<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong>Khaki-brown dorsal surface. White ventral surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Measurements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length<\/strong>&nbsp;(TL): ~100 cm (max 181 cm)<strong>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Axial-undulatory locomotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rrhinobatos_javiergimenez-cut.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>video credit: Javier Gimenez<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mainly crustaceans and small fishes.<br><br><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Viviparous (aplacental viviparity). Size at maturity<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 64 cm female, 56 cm male at 2-3 years. Gives birth in late summer to early autumn. 1 or 2 litters per year with 4-10 juveniles per litter. Size at birth (TL): 25-34 cm.<br><br><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>Benthic species inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms, seabeds and sometimes rocky reefs, from the intertidal zone to depth of 100 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Generally ambush crustaceans and small fish by pinning them down with their long snouts and then sucking them into their mouths.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Spiracles with 2 folds.<\/li><li>Rostral ridges widely separated.<\/li><li>Distance between rostral ridges equal to eyes diameter.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rhinobatidae:<\/strong> Snout elongated and pointed. Strongly depressed trunk. Pectoral fins enlarged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide:<\/strong> Atlantic, from southern Bay of Biscay to Angola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Southern Mediterranean basin, from Tunisia to Turkish. A laying area has been identified from the Gulf of Gab\u00e8s. One recent record from the Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-85510140-983f-4b71-8907-35c448e88d4e\"><li><strong>Occurence:<\/strong> Abundant.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Cyprus (2018-2022), Gulf of Gabes &#8211; Tunisia (2019, 2007-2008),  Atlantic &#8211; Morocco (2016), Iskenderun bay &#8211; Turkey (2012-2014), Lebanon (2013), Mersin bay &#8211; Turkey (2011), Syria (2003).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" id=\"block-9b73d5c7-dbcc-41af-86bf-6c305dce5c4a\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Rhinobatos_rhinobatos_4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats: <\/strong>High fishing pressure from West Africa. Taken as bycatch by bottom trawlers in the Mediterranean Sea.<br><br><strong>Protection level:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Endangered (IUCN 2016, last assessment: 2016)<\/li><li><strong>Global: <\/strong>Critically Endangered&nbsp; (IUCN 2021, last assessment: 2020)<\/li><li><strong>Europe: <\/strong>Endangered (IUCN 2015, last assessment: 2014)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Ba\u015fusta N., Demirhan S., \u00c7i\u00e7ek E., Ba\u015fusta A, Kuleli T. 2008. Age and growth of the common guitarfish, <em>Rhinobatos rhinobatos<\/em>, in Iskenderun Bay (north-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey). <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom<\/em> 88(4): 837\u2013842<\/li><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean and Black Sea fisheries &#8211; A review. <em>General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean &#8211; <\/em> <em>Studies and Reviews<\/em> 101: I-317.<\/li><li>Genc E., Yildirim Y.B., Basusta N, Cekik M. 2006. Seasonal variation of <em>Hysterothylacium aduncum<\/em> infection in the common guitarfish, <em>Rhinobatos rhinobatos<\/em> in Iskenderun Bay (north-easthern Mediterranean Sea) Turkey. In : Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Med. Cartilaginous Fish with Emphasis on South.- East. Med., 14-16 Oct. 06, Istanbul-Turkey.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes<\/em> 6(3): 24.<\/li><li>G\u00f6k\u00e7e G., Bozao\u011flu A.S. Erya\u015far A.R., \u00d6zbilgin H. 2016. Discard reduction of trammel nets in the northeastern Mediterranean prawn fishery. <em>Journal of Applied Ichthyology<\/em> 32(3): 427-431.<\/li><li>O\u2019Keefe M., Bengil EG., Palmer JL, Beton D, \u00c7a\u011flar \u00c7., Godley B.J, \u00d6zkan M., Snape R.T.E., Broderick A.C. 2023. Diversity and distribution of elasmobranchs in the coastal waters of Cyprus: using bycatch data to inform management and conservation.\u00a0<em>Front. Mar. Sci.<\/em> 10: 1181437.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhinobatos rhinobatos Common name : Common Guitarfish, Violin-Fish Order: Rhinopristiformes Family: Rhinobatidae&nbsp; Synonyms: Raja rhinobatos Misidentifications: None Short description Medium-sized guitarfish. Elongated tubular body. Head, body and pectoral fins are combined in a triangular disc, with rostral ridges widely separated. Spiracles with two developed folds. Little spines around orbits and spiracles, on shoulders and along<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/rhinobatos-rhinobatos\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Rhinobatos rhinobatos\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4600"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4600"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6739,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4600\/revisions\/6739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}