{"id":4612,"date":"2022-08-08T16:35:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-08T16:35:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/seabirds\/?page_id=4612"},"modified":"2023-12-07T16:01:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-07T16:01:22","slug":"glaucostegus-cemiculus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/glaucostegus-cemiculus\/","title":{"rendered":"Glaucostegus cemiculus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-8 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color has-primary-background-color has-text-color has-background has-huge-font-size\"><em>Glaucostegus cemiculus<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Common name :<\/strong> Blackchin Guitarfish, Giant guitarfish <\/li><li><strong>Order:<\/strong> Rhinopristiformes<\/li><li><strong>Family:<\/strong> Glaucostegidae&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Synonyms: <\/strong><em>Rhinobatos cemiculus<\/em>, <em>Glaucostegus petiti<\/em><strong> <\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Misidentifications: <\/strong>None.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-4616\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-27-6 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-4616 ml-slider\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_4616\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_4616\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4623 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/gcemiculus_Movses-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4616 slide-4623\" title=\"gcemiculus_Movses\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Movses<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4622 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/gcemoculus_line2-scaled-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4616 slide-4622\" title=\"gcemoculus_lin\u00e92\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: Lin\u00e9<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-4624 ms-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/gcemiculus_isea2-700x500.jpg\" height=\"500\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-4616 slide-4624\" title=\"gcemiculus_isea2\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\">photo credit: ISea<\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-4 column1-desktop-grid__start-3 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-desktop-grid__start-7 column2-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-4 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__start-5 column2-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__row-2\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Short description<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Large to very large species with an elongated tubular body. Head, body and pectoral fins are combined in a triangular disc, with rostral ridges narrowly separated posteriorly and almost joined anteriorly. Small denticles cover a rough skin. Distance between dorsal fins is about equal to that between the base of the first dorsal fin and the axilla of the pectoral fin. A row of thorns from nape to the first dorsal fin. Thorns along the rostral cartilage, around orbits and spiracles, between dorsal fins.<br><br><strong>Color:<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong>Beige to brownish dorsal surface. White ventral surface.<br><br><strong>Measurements:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Total length <\/strong>(TL)<strong>:<\/strong> 180 cm (max 265 cm).<\/li><li><strong>Weight:<\/strong> up to 49.9 kg<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Swimming pattern: <\/strong>Axial-undulatory locomotion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Biology \/ Ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-caf50a6c-6585-4a9d-972f-8036f1810e92\">Feeds mainly on benthic crustaceans and small fishes.<br><br><strong>Reproduction: <\/strong>Viviparous (aplacental viviparity with histotrophy). Annual reproduction cycle. Size at maturity in Mediterranean<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 110-138 cm female, 100-112 cm male. Size at maturity in Senegal<strong> <\/strong>(TL): 163 cm female at 5.1 years, 155 cm male at 3.9 years. Mature at smaller size in the Mediterranean Sea: males 100-110 cm TL, females ~110 cm TL. Juveniles per litter per year: 1-6. Size at birth (TL): ~34 cm.<br><br><strong>Habitat: <\/strong>&nbsp;Benthic species living on sandy and muddy bottoms from nearshore to 100 m of depth on the continental shelf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-11 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-tertiary-background-color has-text-color has-background\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Generally ambush crustaceans and small fish by pinning them down with their long snouts and then sucking them into their mouths<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distinguishing characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Rostral ridges narrowly separated.<\/li><li>Distances between dorsal fins are about equal to that between the base of the first dorsal fin and the axilla of the pectoral fin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Glaucostegidae:<\/strong> Snout elongated and pointed. Strongly depressed trunk. Pectoral fins enlarged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><strong>Worldwide: <\/strong>Atlantic, from Northern Portugal to Angola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d84759b-671d-4c76-b4e6-4c202ee3961d\"><strong>Mediterranean:<\/strong> Southern and eastern Mediterranean basin.  A laying area has been identified from the Gulf of Gab\u00e8s. One recent record from the Black Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-85510140-983f-4b71-8907-35c448e88d4e\"><li><strong>Occurence:<\/strong> Abundant.<\/li><li><strong>Latest records:<\/strong> Cyprus (2018-2022), Alexandria &#8211; Egypt (2018-2020), Tunisia (2007-2008, 2016-2017), Lebanon (2012-2014), Izmir bay &#8211; Turkey (2013), Syria (2003), Iskenderun bay &#8211; Turkey (2010-2011), Black Sea (2009-2018), Adriatic Sea (before 1948), Ligurian Sea and upper Tyrrhenian Sea (before 1898).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" id=\"block-9b73d5c7-dbcc-41af-86bf-6c305dce5c4a\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Glaucostegus_cemiculus_4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-foreground-color has-secondary-background-color has-text-color has-background\">Any recent observation not on the map?<br><a href=\"mailto: lmendez@ciesm.org\">Contact us<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-primary-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ca6ef4b1-4ee6-45e6-85da-9ca8e126a46f\"><strong>Threats:<\/strong> High fishing pressure from West Africa. Taken as bycatch by bottom trawlers with commercial value in some ports of the Mediterranean Sea.<br><br><strong>Protection level:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Global:<\/strong> Critically Endangered (IUCN 2019, last assessment: 2018)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7c753903-038c-44d5-aff6-969ae6648293\"><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:43px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-2 wp-block-group alignfull has-tertiary-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid alignfull column1-desktop-grid__span-10 column1-desktop-grid__start-2 column1-desktop-grid__row-1 column1-tablet-grid__span-8 column1-tablet-grid__row-1 column1-mobile-grid__span-4 column1-mobile-grid__row-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid-column wp-block-jetpack-layout-grid__padding-none\">\n<p><strong>Key references<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"font-size:14px\"><li>Carpentieri P., Nastasi A., Sessa M., Srour A. 2021. Incidental catch of vulnerable species in Mediterranean andBblack Sea fisheries &#8211; A review<em>. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean &#8211; Studies and Reviews<\/em> 101: I-317.<\/li><li>Giovos I., Serena F., Katsada D., Anastasiadis A., Barash A., Charilaou C., Hall-Spencer J.M.,Crocetta F.,Kaminas A., Kletou D, Maximiadi M., Minasidis V., Moutopoulos D.K., Aga-Spyridopoulou R.N., Thasitis I., Kleitou P. 2021. Integrating literature, biodiversity databases, and citizen-science to reconstruct the checklist of Chondrichthyans in Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). <em>Fishes<\/em> 6(3): 24.<\/li><li>Golani D. 2005. Checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel. <em>Zootaxa <\/em>947(1): 1-90.<\/li><li>Lteif M., Mouawad R., Jemaa S., Khalaf G., Lenfant P., Verdoit-Jarraya M. 2016. The length-weight relationships of three sharks and five batoids in the Lebanese marine waters, eastern Mediterranean.\u00a0<em>Egypt. J. Aquat. Res.<\/em>\u00a042: 475\u2013477.<\/li><li>O\u2019Keefe M., Bengil EG., Palmer JL, Beton D, \u00c7a\u011flar \u00c7., Godley B.J, \u00d6zkan M., Snape R.T.E., Broderick A.C. 2023. Diversity and distribution of elasmobranchs in the coastal waters of Cyprus: using bycatch data to inform management and conservation.\u00a0<em>Front. Mar. Sci.<\/em> 10: 1181437.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glaucostegus cemiculus Common name : Blackchin Guitarfish, Giant guitarfish Order: Rhinopristiformes Family: Glaucostegidae&nbsp; Synonyms: Rhinobatos cemiculus, Glaucostegus petiti Misidentifications: None. Short description Large to very large species with an elongated tubular body. Head, body and pectoral fins are combined in a triangular disc, with rostral ridges narrowly separated posteriorly and almost joined anteriorly. Small denticles<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/glaucostegus-cemiculus\/\">Lire la suite <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00ab\u00a0Glaucostegus cemiculus\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4612"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4612"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4612\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6738,"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4612\/revisions\/6738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciesm.org\/marine\/programs\/skatesandrays\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}