Meristic formula D, IX+25-28; A, III+25-28  photo: L. Peña-Rivas

SHORT DESCRIPTION Body oval and very compressed, ventral profile more convex than dorsal, mouth small and oblique, snout short, eye small with slight adipose eyelid. Two scarcely separated dorsal fins, upper lobe of caudal fin longer than lower, low dorsal and anal fins. Scales small and cycloid, chest scaled, lateral line with a marked anterior arch. color : body and head dark metallic greenish-blue on the upper part and silvery on sides and belly. A black saddle spot on the upper part of caudal peduncle, upper margin of the operculum dark. Pectoral and caudal fins were yellow, pelvic fins white. common size : common 25-40 cm (max. 65 cm). DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS Caranx spp.: scutes along straight part of lateral line. Other carangids: no black spot on the upper part of caudal peduncle, ventral profile not strongly convex. Other families: no two free spines in front of anal fin. BIOLOGY / ECOLOGY Feeds on fish, cephalopods, zooplankton and detritus. habitat : adult distribution occurs over soft bottoms from coastal waters to open ocean. Larvae and juveniles may be dominant in shallow waters, especially near estuaries. Juveniles often observed in association with jellyfishes.

1st MEDITERRANEAN RECORD Almuñécar (Granada), Spain, 1997. DISTRIBUTION Worldwide : Both sides of the Atlantic, from Massachusetts and Bermuda to Uruguay in the western side  and from Mauritania to Angola in the eastern side. Mediterranean : a single specimen from Almuñécar (Granada, Spain). ESTABLISHMENT SUCCESS Only one record. MODE OF INTRODUCTION Via Gibraltar. IMPORTANCE TO HUMANS None in the Mediterranean but a commercial species in its original distribution.

KEY REFERENCES Acosta J.J., Muñoz I. and Juárez A., 2009. First record of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Osteichthyes, Carangidae) in the Spanish waters of the Gulf of Cadiz, (ICES Division IXa South). Marine Biodiversity Records 2, e41. Peña Rivas L., Azzurro E. and Lloris D.,  2013. First record of the Atlantic bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Teleostei: Carangidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 82(3): 1064-1067. Smith-Vaniz W.F., 2002. Carangidae. In: The Living Marine Resources of the Western CentralAtlantic, Vol. 3. Bony Fishes, Part 2 (Carpenter K.E., ed.), pp. 1426-1468. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication 5.   FEEDBACK / COMMENTS TO AUTHORS

Last update of the species sheet: November 2013 ©ciesm 2002